Is Home Based Business the Answer to the Ever Increasing Job Layoffs?

Job layoffs have become a common phenomenon these days due to the poor economical conditions all around the word. Job security has become a matter of great concern to a lot of people and many of them have actually started looking for alternatives like the home based business. It seems like more and more people have found the answer to their financial crisis.The Significance of starting a business from home:People who previously considered their jobs as safe are now feeling the insecurity in the air. They are looking at home based business as a shelter to sustain their and their family’s ongoing expenses even if they lose their jobs.Home business not only leads to wealth creation and greater financial freedom, it also can be made into a primary career of an entrepreneur.With the increasing threats of layoffs, businesses from homes not only provide a safety net, but it also gives you the opportunity to be your own boss and work from the comforts of your home. It allows you to make the decisions and take control of your own success and fate. However, you may take months and maybe years to actually succeed with it.The new type of economy may display immense variation, but it also creates opportunities for entrepreneurs.In these hard economic times, home business can prove to very lucrative. Your success is associated with exercising your choices with carefulness and awareness.There are many companies which offer home based work opportunities and they provide excellent training and support. However, please be reminded that they will not do the work for you, and you will need to put in the due efforts to make it work.As a matter of fact, a home based business is not just meant for everyone. There are a few distinguishing traits one needs to posses in order to be successful with a home business.An entrepreneurial mindset: As an entrepreneur, you’ll need to be willing to take the calculated risks on the investments which you make. The confidence to take the risks comes from your sheer determination and dedication. If you do not have that kind of mindset, you will be wasting your time and money.Leadership skills: You need to become a leader rather than a follower. Leadership skills will help you to build a team which will be extremely important for your business growth.Knowledge: You will need to keep enhancing your knowledge by showing a strong desire to absorb all the information related to your business.Dedication: Dedication in your home based business will help you to take your business in the right direction, which is towards the desired goals and success.Patience: Like any business, your business from home will also take time to grow. You will need time to understand your business and to create a strong client network. Therefore, you’ll need to be patient.These are the basic skills required to be a successful home business entrepreneur. Setting up rational and achievable goals for yourself and increasing them as you progress will lead you to success. Home based business is all set to eliminate the fear of job layoffs, provided that you have what it takes to make it happen.

What Makes A Top Rated Home Based Business?

There are three very important elements that make up a top rated home based business. It should be internet based, have an automated marketing system and offer a quality high-end product. These elements can be key to your success.A top rated home based business will be internet based. This is important since one of the main reasons for working from home is so you don’t have to maintain a conventional storefront and deal directly with the customers. By using an attractive and professionally designed web site as your storefront, you can offer your product or products not only to local customers, but to customers worldwide. Sales are generated when you drive customer traffic to your web site through advertising and marketing, much the same way you would for a brick-n-mortar storefront. Using the internet, you can also build a permission based email list of your current customers as well a potential new ones making it easier to keep in touch with them and inform them of your future offers.The best businesses will include an automated marketing system. Since the internet never sleeps, it is important to be able to tap into that aspect of it. By using a top quality system you can automate your business to run 24 hours a day. Utilizing the latest in Internet marketing techniques like Search Engine Optimization, PPC and Social Media you can attract customers into your system, or sales funnel as it’s called, even while you are sleeping. A good system will not only track and sort the customers for you, it can even do the selling. It can help you completely manage your existing web site and even help you create new ones. System autoresponders will manage and implement your permission based email effortlessly. With a laptop computer, you can literally run your business from anywhere.Top home businesses will offer a quality high-end direct sell product capable of generating adequate revenues and even residual revenues. There are many people making excellent incomes online working from home selling all sorts of products. Many people work in MLM and some make great incomes selling relatively inexpensive products like juices and vitamins. But, all too often most people are struggling to even make a dime, since their success depends mostly on everyone else’s efforts in a down line more than it does their own. Many other people make money online as affiliate marketers. They make lots of small commissions from driving customer traffic to many different websites. A Top rated home based business will offer a product that is needed by most everyone and always delivers real value by giving solutions to everyday problems. These high-end direct sell products are usually priced at $1000.00 or above and pay out a substantially higher initial return.You can see that a business which is internet based has a distinct advantage over one that is not. Using the internet and a good automated marketing system will not only help you generate prospects, customers and sales, it will make the job a lot easier. Most importantly, by offering a high-end product which is in demand, you will attract more customers and make more income for your efforts.

Road Map to a Home Based Business For Women

Whenever we think of a computer geek, we tend to imagine a young man in thick dark rimmed glasses peering into a computer. However, women have also made gigantic strides into the world of technology. Closer to home and keeping technology in mind, a home based business for women is probably the next emerging trend. The male dominated ranks of “Internet Gurus” is starting to fill up with women, with increasing numbers of women owning websites dedicated to providing the necessary tools that are conducive to online success. More than men, women are embracing the internet community and the numerous advantages of a home based business for women are especially enticing to women.* Stay at home practical benefits:The freedom of choice can become exhilarating, although a drawback can be complacency. Time management and fervent dedication to a goal are essential qualities that should be mastered early on. Being able to stay at home can sometimes be doubly beneficial to women over 50 since they can perform chores such as providing home day care for children (either for their family or for financial gain) and still have the time and stamina to manage a home based business for women. Since practically all fields of interest can be open to women in the online world, the initial step should be to review personal expertise in a specific field and stick with it once the decision is made.One of the biggest mistakes that beginning online marketers make is not to let a certain direction have the opportunity to take hold. Just flitting from one promising opportunity to the next can easily lead to wasted time and money. The emotional benefits of staying at home are not to be understated either. Brainstorming the merits of a certain home based business for women with loved ones can lead to enhanced closeness and helping others make money is a gratifying experience in itself. Not having to answer to a demanding boss is a dream finally come true.* Financial benefits:Beyond the obvious value of making money from a home based business for women, the immediate financial benefits come in the form of reduced travel expenses, dry cleaning or meal expenses associated with working outside the home, clothing, shoes or cosmetics expenses, to name a few. Having the extra time to peruse newspapers or the internet for special deals on needed items will also result in additional savings.* Tax advantages:Having a formal home based business for women will make you eligible to deduct a percentage of your home expenses, such as mortgage, utilities, property taxes, homeowner’s insurance, repairs or improvements, and finally depreciation. For this purpose, having a tax professional, such as an accountant, conduct a formal evaluation would be money well spent since these types of tax deductions tend to raise your IRS audit score.* Skills enhancement:Running your own home based business for women will force you into learning new skills as you become the sole decision maker and will have to be knowledgeable about all the aspects of running a successful business. Remember, you are the CEO. Working from home typically involve low or very low overhead costs, thus budgeting for your business will be less stressful. Online work budgeting commonly consists of training course and marketing costs that are strictly controlled by you.Overall, a home based business for women can be of terrific value, just keep in mind that this is WORK; juxtaposed to the brick and mortar world, this work can sometimes be combined with pleasure.

Advanced Thinking Concepts for Investing in a Property Management Firm in Uganda

As the Ugandan economy continues developing, the property market will grow. Many of the property sector investors however will probably not have time to manage the properties themselves on a day to day basis. They will increasingly rely on property management firms.

Before considering property management in Uganda as an investment option, the investor needs to however be aware of the following:

THE CONS

1. Legal hurdles.

You should be aware that in Uganda, owing to the poor land tenure system, combined with administrative inefficiencies and corruption, property purchase and construction is often fraught with legal difficulties. It is not uncommon for individuals to obtain illegal planning permits for construction of properties in say gazetted zones like wetlands and forest reserves. Subsequently rectifying this irregularity has often resulted in long drawn out legal processes and the owner and thus the property manager often lose revenues during the non occupancy of the disputed property.

2. Reputation.

Property management firms like any other businesses need to exhibit a high degree of integrity for potential clients to handover the properties. In Uganda there have been some high-profile court cases involving property managers, including one of a leading property management firm whose managing director conned a potential purchaser of advance monies paid. There was a significant reputation loss. If you are considering investing in this sector, you should therefore ensure you maintain the high standards of professional ethics such as separating client and office monies as well as maintaining good accounting records, otherwise your reputation can easily be dented.

3. The property market bubble.

Whilst the global credit crisis continues depressing property values in places such as the USA and the UK, In Uganda this is not particularly being felt for a myriad of reasons. In the commercial sector, malls and shopping centres continue to spring up in the capital city Kampala and its suburbs to cater for the growing middle class and increasing population as a result of rural- urban migration which is currently estimated at 3%-5% per annum.

In the residential sector owing to a general shortage of housing there is always demand for property and as such the property values continue to rise. The shortage of housing is primarily because just like many cities across sub Saharan Africa, rural-urban migration to Kampala has resulted in significant population growth not matched by construction and thus causing a shortage of housing, particularly for the low and middle level income earners.

The main risk of the property bubble in Uganda would arise from political instability which would lead to collapse of the sector.

4. Competition

The competition for property management in this sector is as follows:

At the top end of the market are international property management firm affiliates like Knight Frank. In addition there are ISO certified companies like Amalgamated Property Consultants (APS) as well as large and reputable property management companies such as Crane Management services which is under the Ruparelia Group of companies.

At the lower end of the market are property brokers who also double as property managers for their clients. These typically cater for low-income earners’ housing.

In my model, I advocate that the property management investor will need to develop their niche as follows:

1) A firm that is an affiliate or franchise holder of an international property management firm. In Uganda, as far as I know, international property management firms like CBRE and Colliers have no local representation except for Knight Frank. There is therefore an opportunity for the investor to ensure that their firm gets affiliation to these international firms. This will give them instant brand recognition and the perceived quality and reputation already associated with the international firms. In addition they will benefit from the referrals if clients of the international firm seek a local representative in Uganda. I can expect that this affiliation has contributed to the success of Knight Frank Uganda.

2) A firm that has some brokers on its payroll. Brokers in Uganda tend to act independent of any firm, are semi illiterate and lack sufficient working capital to deal with potential clients.If the firm therefore guarantees them a daily allowance say of shs. 10,000 to cater for meals, transport and communication for their activities, they are likely to refer future business to the firm, particularly if they are unable to handle it themselves.

THE PROS

Excellent return on capital

In my model I expect that the investment will be returned in about 6 months. The reason for this is manifold:

a) The property manager’s advertising will emphasise property management as their core business. This is such that the firm can develop inside knowledge of the sector as well as establish itself as a reputable leader in the sector. When they have developed a good reputation, clients can then entrust them with property sales, which tend to be more lucrative than property management.The property management side is therefore in business terms called the “loss leader”.

b) A significant part of the marketing budget will go to the brokers rather than traditional avenues of marketing like TV and newspaper advertisements. This is because the Ugandan real estate sector is highly informal and as such a significant portion of the illiterate/semi illiterate but wealthy persons will usually revert to the brokers who just like them are often illiterate/semi illiterate. It therefore becomes critical to have these brokers as a linkage to such clientele.

In my model, I expect returns will be as below:

Capital Investment(A): Shs 35, 149, 155

Profit per year (B): Shs. 58,803,380

Return on Investment/Capital (years to get capital back) (A/B): 0.6 years

FINAL WORD

The basics you must get right before investing:

1. Property management software. You must invest in good software to provide you with real-time client accounts and reporting. This will give the client the assurance as to your integrity. I cannot recommend a particular software but a Google search should yield one.

2. Maintain a good contact data base. Property management requires liaison with several bodies including city council authorities, land authorities, utility suppliers, repairs and maintenance personnel, lawyers and brokers. I expect that a good property management software system will have a robust Database Management System at its heart. I will reiterate, include a good lawyer and accountant on this contact database.

3. Become an affiliate of an international property management firm. If you cannot afford one with an international firm such as CBRE or Colliers then go for a locally reputable firm like APS.

For over 8 years I have worked with several clients providing audit, accounts, tax and advisory in sectors ranging from agriculture, mining, entertainment, financial services and technology. My client portfolio in Uganda, The Bahamas and The Channel Islands, United Kingdom has equally been diverse and this experience has given me a “well rounded” view of business including several clients in the Real Estate/Property market.

Important Things to Know in the Real Estate Law

Real Estate is anything related to the construction and development of land and buildings either commercial or residential. This seems to be a very simple concept, but there are many legal disciplines included. Real Estate Law governs who may use an own the land or buildings.

Some terms to note in the Real Estate Law:

• The title is the official legal term which describes the owner of the property

• The mortgage is lending money at interest in exchange of title on the debtor’s property. After the successful completion of the debt payment, the conveyance of the title becomes void.

• Foreclosure is the term used if the lender takes control of the house or any property used for mortgage if the debtor fails to pay back the amount

• The official meeting for transferring the ownership of the land or property is termed as closing

• Escrow is the term used for money or property withheld with the third party for safekeeping

• Real Estate Agent is the person licensed for negotiating and conducting real estate transactions

The much awaited regulation in the realty sector has been announced by the Government of India last year, which is the introduction of the RERA Act (Real Estate Regulatory Act). Under the act the home builders have to deposit about 70% of the amount in the Escrow account. This will ensure the buyers that the amount is not diverted to some other projects.

Benefits of the RERA Act:

• As mentioned earlier, the builder will divert 70% of the amount taken from the buyers to Escrow account and this will ensure the buyers that their amount is only being used for this project and safe as well without being transferred to other projects.

• With the introduction of this new act the buyers doesn’t have to pay for the area over the carpet area. It is one of the important things to remember.

• All the clearances both from the buyer and the builder should need to be made before selling. The builder needs to disclose the information regarding the apartment.

The builders are allowed to sell the property only after getting proper clearances
RERA, is the central law, but as Real Estate is subjected to state, the state governments have a major role in implementing this act. However the various other related practice area to the Real Estate law include Tax Law, Landlord Tenant Law, Accidents and Injuries, Estate Planning, Insurance Law.

How To Succeed At Online Product Creation The Easy Way

Product creation could be a frightening subject for a lot of Internet marketers to face. Some folks who get in the game with the intention of making a full time income are completely ignorant as to how an online business operates. One of the most profitable ways to create online cash is by creating a product that others are happy to pay for.

Product creation is legitimate method of generating money through internet marketing but many entrepreneurs get it wrong. They start by imitating their Internet marketing gurus by creating information products on Internet marketing in hopes of getting rich the way their heroes did. The problem is that they usually don’t know what they are doing and enter a highly competitive niche with very little marketing experience or connections.

Here are a few tips for effective product creation that may help you get on the right track:
Start by finding a profitable niche with low to moderate competition. If you conduct some rudimentary market research and keyword research, you’ll find many opportunities in areas that will surprise you. Amazon and eBay are two great places to brainstorm for product ideas.

Developing Your Product does not have to be a difficult project. You can find experts in the right field for your niche and pay them to write the material while an artist designs the packaging and website or blog. You can outsource the entire product creation part of the project after you conduct the research and testing to ensure profitability.

Sales and marketing strategies should be created while developing the product and learning about the market. Some experienced marketers use pay per click to drive traffic to their offer page; some folks outsource the entire marketing campaign to affiliates through ClickBank or other affiliate programs.

Product creation does not need to be hard, particularly when the merchandise is electronic. E-books, videos, audio and multi-media products sell very well. They are distributed immediately to customers electronically. Once you have a good feel for a niche market, try to service your customers with associated products and upgrades. If you want to earn money online through product creation, you must understand supply and demand. The majority of new online marketers fail miserably because they go after highly competitive markets or forget to research their chosen niche properly. You have to create your products according to the needs, wants and desires of the prospective customers.

Information Product Creation: Never Compete on Price Because There Is Only One You

Information product creation requires extensive preparation, no matter which niche you work within and you want to make sure that your information product has a successful launch. That probably sounds scary and intimidating but here’s the thing: this is a one time effort and it will pay off in a foundation that is strong enough to get your ideal clients to invest in your high-end programs and services without the perils of a traditional funnel. This article will teach you a few of the things that you need to remember if you’d like to invest in yourself and start on the information product creation path using your unique talents and abilities. Remember that you never have to worry about anyone ripping off your ideas because if you understand how to properly position yourself around your story.

Understand Both Strengths and Weaknesses: It is good to have an impartial view of your own strengths and weaknesses when lay the foundation of selling yourself within the information product creation process. It helps you figure out where you are, what you lack and how to move forward so that you get as much growth as possible. It is more than important, it is urgent if you want to create fast success for yourself to have personal positive reinforcement and deep belief to provide yourself the support you need so that you can get over your own limitations to ensure that your information product is as valuable as it can be.

You also need to know exactly who your competition is so you can study them and use their methods to help you improve your own standings. Down recreate the wheel, but understand the wheel and position yourself going uphill from the competition. Check out which kinds of opportunities you’ve already got and try to figure out how best to use them while taking care to remember your strengths and weaknesses. This is a great way to figure out where you stand against your competition which helps you figure out how best to grow.

Launch on Time: No matter what, even if you haven’t officially announced your “launch date” you should launch the site when you’ve said you would. This will force you to stick to your goal and actually work on it. Thinking that “I’ll launch it when I think it’s ready to launch” will only hinder your efforts. You’ve got a responsibility that you need to live up to with your launch, and you can’t move back on that one. If you get close to your launch date and you are getting hung up on your self limiting beliefs in your information product creation, don’t worry this about getting it out there and not perfection. As long as it is usable you should launch it. Launching on time is the professional thing to do and it is more important than creating a “wow” effect in your site visitors. You can always update/upgrade your website when you have to, so there shouldn’t be any issue with that.

Analyze Your Own Concept: If you want to make your information product creation successful you need to understand how good your concept is: is it really going to work for your chosen audience or would something else be better? You already know about your competition; how does your concept measure up? If you haven’t come up with your own idea and are trying to work with someone else’s concept, do some more work on your own before your launch. People want original ideas because they’ve seen too many other me-too websites already.

Test Your Concept Before You Commit To The Information Product Creation Process: One of the biggest failures people have with information product creation is not testing an idea before putting a lot of effort into producing an information product. PPC to a small 5 page site with a landing page is a great way to test an offer before you even produce it. If people will sign up to get it, you can be sure that you can create an information product that will target eliminating the pain of your target market. The small amount of money will be invaluable in using crowd sourcing to direct the final outline of the information product creation process.

You’ll have lots of hurdles to clear after the launch of your information product and the only way to truly take care of them is to follow the advice in this article to work smarter. Plenty of people work hard, but it is the ones who work smarter who make real money online with the information product creation business model.

Plan To Succeed With Information Product Creation: Why You Need To Split Your Process Up

One of the keys to succeeding in information product creation is to break the process up into discrete steps. This frequently isn’t an instinctive reaction for the typical information marketer. Especially on the internet where small sized learning products are the norm.

However, it is extremely important to your ultimate success. In fact, I would go so far as to say that if you don’t do this you probably won’t succeed… even when you are starting out let alone as you move forward.

Your product creation system should do this for you if only to help you to understand the overall task.

But why?

In this article, I’m going to ignore chunking and focus on the practical aspects. That’s not to say that chunking isn’t important. It is. It’s important to understanding and to learning the process. But while you can use the same chunks as you move forward, long term your focus needs to be on the operation of the system not the understanding of it. Unless of course you are constantly training new people!

So why is chunking important to long term use of the product creation process? (Yes, I know systems design uses a different term for this process but I’m not teaching you systems design. So I’m going to use the word learning content designers use.)

The first reason that having individual discrete tasks is important is one of schedule estimation. Frequently it is very difficult to estimate how long the total task of creating a product will take. After all, the size and type of the products matters as does the number of products in your product funnel. And those are just the most obvious elements. However, estimating a discrete task is often much easier. The total can then be estimated as the total of the discrete tasks.

Secondly, scheduling a large task can be problematic. However, by segmenting the task into a number of discrete tasks, you gain a much greater flexibility in scheduling. Not only that but as your business begins to add people you are able to schedule multiple people to the product creation.

Finally, segmenting a large task into smaller discrete tasks allows you to have much better control over the product creation. This affects two different areas — status and quality.

By segmenting your process into discrete tasks you are able to schedule and record the progress at much more detailed level. As a result you are more in control of the status of the product creation. You know what everyone is doing. When they should complete it. And how much it should cost. You also know exactly what has been done.

You also improve your overall quality. Instead of waiting until everything is done you can check quality as you go. This allows you to immediate react to low quality products without absorbing their costs. This means that you have less rework and your rework costs less. And if the product is not going to meet its quality requirement you will know about it in time to stop the development, change the requirement or fix the product.

A Guide on Successful Product Creation and Internet Marketing

Product creation in Internet marketing is getting stiffer and stiffer nowadays owing to tough competition between Internet-based businesses. Putting up a new product requires plenty of brainpower and finances along with an ability to take risk. With that, even if you have the product well-set already, you have to position it strategically in the Internet landscape for others to notice. You should get the interest of Web users and turn them to actual customers. Aside from the usual physical products, many different products that thrive well on Internet marketing include E-books, membership sites, and video lectures.

The long and difficult process of product creation begins with ideas. They are easy to get – compared to the effort that comes with analyzing the market for that idea. Before the idea turns to a product, businesses often spend money, even amounting to millions of dollars, to ensure the success of the new product that emerges from an idea. Businesses undertake many types of market research and surveys before releasing their products to the public. Now, you may think that because your business is small, you can’t afford research or you don’t have to do research; you can and you should. The Internet allows you to disseminate materials needed for your market study to many people at once without your having to spend a cent.

It is a common maxim in business: Look at your destination first before mapping out your journey. So what are the goals you intend to accomplish with your product creation ventures? The everyday travails of your business may make you forget the end in sight. On the other hand, prepare to entertain new developments that come to your mind in your product creation. Your conception of a product may have started this way, but a few tweaks here and there along with some market research results and it ends up another way. Take it as the result of a creative process, not as a failure to reach your goal. After all, your product creation activities are intertwined with a long-term goal that you should strive to sustain at your utmost: profit generation. So if your less profitable initial idea evolves to a more profitable product, be thankful!

With your product made up already, start doing some aggressive Internet marketing. A product purchase typically comes after more than five times a customer is exposed to an informative call-to-buy message. Thus it is important to get the contact details, like the e-mail address, of potential customers who are on the brink of a sale. Use the results of your market research to determine the demographics to which you should concentrate your marketing efforts.

With consistent product creation, you can make an inventory of your products that you can market in due time. Just keep making products – the moment you succeed in making and marketing a product, customers are surely wanting more from you, so give it to them. Keep them on your side through constant product creation.

Considerable Factors Involved in Product Creation & Marketing

The niche you have chosen should allow creation of more than one product or service. With the technological advancements in the hosting industry, from automated control panels and scripts that simplify creation of accounts, to complete turnkey solutions; there is no need to worry about spending time on the real products sold to the customer. The main ones are keyword selection, sales copy principles, graphics, affiliate programs, product creation, online payment processing, auto responders, and search engine optimization.

Once you’ve earned money from this type of information product business, you can invest in the creation of your own products if you want, or start offering more informational products that allow you to sell your knowledge. But the creation and production costs of a similar big ticket in sequence product, although higher, are still pretty low. A key by-product of this process will be the creation of 3-D, Computer Assisted Design art.

The Association for Financial Professionals permits the following activities for repatriating funds: Research and Development activities, advertising and marketing programs, hiring and training new recruits, acquiring patent and other rights to intangible property, improving transportation, funding capital investments with the purpose of job creation and job retention & funding product responsibility or environmental claims.

It prohibits certain activities like: Tax payments, Payment of executive recompense, Payment of dividends, Redemption of stocks, Debt investments and Portfolio investments. Therefore, before repatriating the money, you must consider whether it is worth or not.

Checklist on what artist and product development necessitate includes: Exceptional vocals, musicianship and/or songwriting skills, Continued education and enhancement of musical skills, Quality equipment, Performance ability, Image creation and maintenance, Plan of action, goal setting, excellent promotion materials including photographs, press releases and artwork, Business management skills, Marketing, Publicity and Promotion knowledge, Online and Offline Professional management, Basic knowledge of recording, producing, engineering, and mastering, Basic knowledge of manufacturing, distribution, and sales online, brick and mortar and air-play, Good choices in members, staff and advisors, Physical and mental preparedness, Basic knowledge of finances, accounting Law and legal issues etc.

The goals for doing so are for the product owner to: Communicate the whole, Determine and communicate when releases are needed, Determine what functionality is sufficient for each release & focus on business value derived from the releases. The delivery team on the other hand will see the whole, learn about the steps to realize the vision, learn the business priorities, provide technical input to the roadmap and provide estimates for the projected features. The salesperson must lead the prospect through the various decision criteria needed in order to secure a sale. Whether your idea is the development of a product, launch of a service business, or even the creation of an event or program for a non-profit, creativity is the root of all entrepreneurial efforts starting with the vision itself.

People quickly learn to spend their time on marketing and product creation, rather than repetitive tasks. Apart from empowering companies and individuals, there should be a particular focus on identifying labor intensive businesses that have the potential to make a significant and positive impact on employment creation as well as those businesses that have a product or service offering for export markets with the final objective of booming local economies.